Homeostatic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Homeostatic - Essay Example For a single cell to work, the conditions must be stable. For example, if the water content of the body is too high or low i.e. high or low osmotic pressure would make the cells either shrink or swell leading to cellular death and a vicious cycle leading to tissue destruction and so on. Similarly cellular enzymes require an optimum and stable pH for them to work and degrade food products to simple carbohydrates, fats and amino acids for the body to produce energy. These are just two of many examples of why the human body needs stable internal environment (Brodie, 2005). 2.1 Identify and describe the components required for a homeostatic feedback mechanism. As mentioned earlier, the human body is composed of many systems and these systems work in coordination with each other in order for it to work normally. These systems require stable internal conditions and whenever these internal conditions are disturbed; there is a feedback system which acts immediately to get this disturbed inte rnal environment back to normal. This feedback system includes mainly of receptors in some areas which when sense in disturbance in the normal conditions activate immediately and send signal to the appropriate centres (Guyton, 2011). These signals could be transmitted through 1) Nerve cells e.g. vagus nerve sending signal to the brain and control heart rate 2) hormones e.g. renin which is released by kidneys either when there is a disturbance in the blood pressure due to water content of the body. Renin ten causes the formation of angiotensin 1 and 2 and control water content of urine. Hormones and nerve cells have a major role in this feedback mechanism. Hormones such as adrenaline, insulin, thyroxin and acetylcholine are some of the major hormones in homeostatic feedback mechanism in controlling heart rate, blood sugar levels, metabolism and many other functions. Nerve cells on the other hand provide feedback mechanism by transmitting signals directly to the brain which then trans mits signals back by nerve cells again to appropriate centres or causes the release of hormones to bring the body back to stability. Nerve cells also act by sending signals to the endocrine or exocrine glands present at certain locations in the body and cause direct release of hormones or other secretions (Guyton, 2011). 3.1 Describe the mechanisms involved in body temperature regulation. Regulation of body temperature is one of the most important homeostatic functions of the body as all the bodily enzymes and other systems require an optimum temperature i.e.98.6f to work normally. This most important function is performed by the temperature regulation centre present in the Hypothalamus in the brain. Whenever an increase or decrease in the body temperature is detected by the receptors present in peripheral regions of the body, immediate signals are transmitted to the hypothalamus which then sends signals to all the parts of the body for its regulations. In case of an increased inter nal temperature the hypothalamus sends signals to the peripheral blood vessels located mainly in the skin which dilate causing more blood to flow through them leading to heat loss and decreased metabolism to decrease heat production. Also, there is immediate activation of sweat glands located in the skin and excessive production of sweat causes loss of

The way that law interacts with law enforcement Essay

The way that law interacts with law enforcement - Essay Example Criminal Justice System â€Å"A criminal justice system is a set of legal and social institutions for enforcing the criminal law in accordance with a defined set of procedural rules and limitations.† â€Å"The phrase criminal justice system refers to a collection of federal, state, and local public agencies that deal with the crime problem. These agencies process suspects, defendants, and convicted offenders and are interdependent insofar as the decisions of one agency affect other agencies. The basic framework of the system is provided by the legislative, judicial, and executive branches of government.† (Kirsten DeBarba) The system consists of the crime, the accused, the courts and then the jail where the accused is sent in case he is found guilty of committing the crime. It is the entire paradigm within which the focus lies on finding out the real culprit of the crime and involves various stages through which the accused is sent in order to determine the real cause of the crime committed. There is a certain criminal law which determines the entirety of the criminal justice system, and it is within the law through which the various bodies within the system work collectively. It has various sub-systems, and this paper shall be focussing on three broad categories and then identify the role of each and every body singularly. The bodies are as follows: 1. Law 2. Courts 3. Jail 4. Police Department 5. Prosecution and the Defence The above are broad categories within which the system is divided, and the paper shall focus on the relationship between law and the courts and jail on a collective basis. The paper shall compare each and every element exclusively with law and how it works in the real world. (What is Law Enforcement) Criminal Law: Let us first examine criminal law to understand the law behind curbing criminal activities, and how do we define such activities in the paradigm of criminal legislations. Criminal law has been designed to seek punish ment for the crimes which are committed by the citizens of the society, and it has a procedure code which allows for a process to take place in the lieu of providing justice. The law is designed in such a way that it allows for all the crimes which might be committed in the society to fall under its ambit. The law is only the beginning when it comes to curbing the crime, where it is just the starting point in the entire procedure to prevent the crime from happening. The law is a code which contains various clauses designed to punish the wrongdoer in each and every circumstance. (Law Enforcement and Crime) â€Å"Criminal law envelops the criminal procedure employed when charging, trying, sentencing and imprisoning defendants convicted of crimes, as well as regulation concerning how suspects are investigated, charged and tried. Criminal law is typically enforced by the government. The state, through a prosecutor, initiates the suit. Some subcategories of criminal law include Substant ive Criminal law; Criminal Procedure; and the special problems and issues arising in administration and enforcement of criminal justice.† (Crime and Law Enforcement) Courts The courts have a very specific role to play while dealing with law in criminal procedure. It is the duty of the court to be unbiased in its judgement and give both the parties a chance to be heard in essence. Courts usually listen to the prosecutor and the defence, and make their judgement